hormones ©

Hormones
by Robert Hedges ©

neurotransmitters - neuronal messengers underlie every thought, sanction, memory, and learning, with fifty discovered to date. Neurons communicate by neurotransmitters. Too many transmissions cause chaos which may result in seizures.

right handed serotonin - carbo satiated

left handed serotonin - drowsy

serotonin overdose kills stem cells.

replacements are frequently mutants.

serotonin replacement (substitution) is dangerous

The individual who has the serotonin level which gives assertiveness, confidence, vitality, low anxiety, also gives a chemical basis for inhibited ejaculation, (which in it's extreme form is secondary impotence, when this inhibitory effect lasts for hours).

Prozak raises serotonin levels because it blocks serotonin reabsorption. Higher serotonin raises confidence, assertiveness, vivacity, higher degree of mental activity, security level, outgoingness, carefree, more vitally alive, less pessimistic, reduced anxiety, loosens the grip of obsessive compulsive, combats attention deficit disorder, reduces pain of arthritis, chronic fatigue, dims pain center, gives happy face, makes more energetic, but causes loss of sexual function.

serotonin inhibits ejaculation in animals - serotonin has numerous ties to the pituitary which produces the key sex hormones -

low serotonin was identified in 22 of 22 autopsies of suicides -

low serotonin may cause repeated unacceptable behavior, by lifting lid on impulses - A shortage in the limbic & frontal lobes results in an inability to link unpleasant consequences with impulse actions. Low serotoin is linked to criminal violence in many studies.

DHA-type fish oil helps regulate serotonin, a feel-good chemical which is frequently at a low-level in depressed people.

dopamine is the engine - serotonin is the brakes - a compulsive is fueled by dopamine but not stopped/suppressed by serotonin.
super-efficient dopamine transporter clears synapses too rapidly - The result is frequently an alcoholic with rapid and violent behavior.
working memory falters without enough dopamine.
too much dopamine in the emotion center and too little in the reason center seems to cause suspiciousness - raving paranoia and maybe even wondering if the plumber overcharged you.
Five known receptors for Dopamine are D1-D5
Dopamine has reduced effects because of :
- reduced numbers of receptors
- reduced sensitivity of receptors (risk-takers seek higher dopamine stimulation)
- reduced pleasure for many reasons
low dopamine may result in :
- severe alcoholism
- pathological gambling
- binge eating
- attention deficit disorder
- tremors and paralysis of parkinsons
without the dopamine sponges, the sufferer stays high on unretrieved dopamine.
too much dopamine results in bizarre thoughts and hallucinations - (like schizophrenia)
the prefrontal cortex is dopamine rich - emotional compass.
addiction craves the dopamine rush, (triggered by alcohol, etc.)
An explosion of dopamine in the pleasure center is exhilarating. (nucleas accumbens).
Normally dopamine is in the substantial nigra, and metronome-like pulses of dopamine are sent to striatum.
Life is fraught with the challenge of maintaining rank and social hierarchy and attempting to move up in status. Status and Tgh are correlative and reciprocal - Tgh drops with stress/under domination.
Tgh rises with victories, falls with defeat - 26-27% variations have been recorded.
Stress causes the release of Cortisol which is toxic to synapses. It kills memory-forming neurons. Memory loss is high in the stressed individual.
Stress causes cortisol to break down energy reserves and raise blood pressure. Cortisol is responsible for protein breakdown.
Mazes perplex the stressed while the spatial brain works as well. adrenaline & cortisol rise in response to stress - and neurons are lost as a result.
Cortisol is a by-product of anxiety. It is very low in primitive cultures. Tension is resolved in short order.
Adrenaline is linked to stress -
CREB -long term memory enhancement chemical
Learning becomes difficult because you have fewer unassigned neurons (clusters) as age increases.
One gram brain tissue uses 22.5X the energy as one muscle gram at rest.
The brain- 3 lbs, 20 watts, 100 trillion bits, 100 B neurons,

Drugs frequently effect you by either causing dopamine to be released, or by interfering with the recycling/sponging of it once it is splashing against a neuron.

Heroin - triggers release of dopamine - effects other neurotransmitters
Amphetamines - triggers excessive release of dopamine and overwealm the sponging-up process.
Alcohol - triggers release of dopamine, and effects other neurotransmitters.
Marijuana - triggers release of dopamine and binds in mood and memory areas of the brain.
Nicotine - triggers release of dopamine, while other chemicals slow sponging-up process.
Caffine - may trigger release of dopamine.
Cocaine & Crack - blocks dopamine absorption.

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